Dendrimers: An In-Depth Analysis of Their Use in Medicine Delivery

Abstract

Dendrimers are synthetic monodisperse macromolecules with a large number of functional groups scattered with remarkable precision.
They are nanoscale sized and extremely branched, making them a viable scaffold for drug delivery. Neuron capture therapy, photodynamic
therapy, photothermal therapy, immunology, vaccines, antivirals, diagnostic biosensors, and dendrimers are all excellent vehicles for these
treatments. Among the many exciting and quickly developing subfields of chemistry, dendrimers chemistry stands out. Nanoparticle drug
delivery techniques were highly preferred before dendrimer technology emerged because of the selectivity and stability of the therapeutic
chemicals they contained. Yet, there are a few downsides to these nanostructures that make them unusable, such as drug leakage,
immunogenicity, hemolytic toxicity, cytotoxicity, hydrophobicity, and reticuloendothelial system (RES) absorption. In addition, these
drawbacks may be overcome by adjusting the surface engineering, for example using dendrimers that are poly ester, arginine, glycol, or
PEGylated. They are attractive candidates for use as a carrier for biological and medication delivery systems because to their scalability
uniformity, water solubility, surface functionalizability, and available interior cavities. We honed in on bioactive agents that can be readily
encapsulated into dendrimers' interior cavities, attached chemically or conjugated, or physically adsorbed ontotheir surfaces in order to
meet the specific requirements of the active components, characterize them, and put them to use in this review.