Neuroactive steroids and neuropharmacological disorder

Abstract

The brain, like the adrenal glands, testicles, and the placenta, produces steroids. Steroid synthesis in the nervous system
differs from that in classic steroidogenic tissues in that it requires the coordinated expression and regulation of genes
encoding the steroidogenic enzymes in multiple cell types (neurons and glia) at different locations in the nervous system,
often at a considerable distance from the cell bodies. There may be a connection between the creation of these steroids
and their roles in brain development. Neurosteroids, which are produced in the brain and nervous system, serve many
different purposes. Common steroid hormone nuclear receptors aren't involved in mediating their effects; rather, they
use ion-gated neurotransmitter receptors or direct/indirect regulation of other neurotransmitter receptors. We review the
enzymatic biochemistry, pharmacological characteristics, and mechanisms of action of neurosteroids. We explore the
physiological significance and possible use of neurosteroids in treating certain human disorders.